B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is a rare malignancy in adults with outcomes remaining poor, especially compared to children. Over the past two decades, extensive whole-genome studies have identified numerous genetic alterations driving leukemia, leading to the recognition of more than 20 distinct subtypes which are closely associated with treatment response and prognosis. In pediatric B-ALL, large correlation studies have made genetic classification a central component of risk-adapted treatment strategies. Notably, genetic subtypes are unevenly distributed according to age, and the spectrum of genetic alterations and their prognostic relevance in adult B-ALL have been less extensively studied, with treatment primarily based on the presence or absence of BCR::ABL1 fusion. This review provides an overview of genetic subtypes in adult B-ALL, including recent biological and clinical insights in well-established subtypes as well as data on newly recognized subtypes. Their relevance for risk classification, disease monitoring and therapeutic management, including in the context of B-cell-directed therapies, is discussed. This review advocates for continuing efforts to further improve our understanding of the biology of adult B-ALL to establish the foundation of future precision medicine in B-ALL.
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Review Article|
December 30, 2024
Genetic subtypes of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults
Marie Passet,
Marie Passet
Université Paris-Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, INSERM U944, France
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Rathana Kim,
Rathana Kim
Université Paris-Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, INSERM U944, France
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Emmanuelle Clappier
Université Paris-Cité, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, INSERM U944, France
* Corresponding Author; email: emmanuelle.clappier@aphp.fr
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Blood blood.2023022919.
Article history
Submitted:
June 3, 2024
Revision Received:
November 25, 2024
Accepted:
November 26, 2024
Citation
Marie Passet, Rathana Kim, Emmanuelle Clappier; Genetic subtypes of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults. Blood 2024; blood.2023022919. doi: https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2023022919
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