Incidence and Clinical Features of Idiopathic Pneumonia Syndrome and Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage After Unrelated Cord Blood Transplantation.

Abstract 4535

Incidence and clinical features of idiopathic pneumonia syndrome and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage after unrelated cord blood transplantation.

Aya Nishida 1, Atsushi Wake 1, Hisashi Yamamoto 1, Kazuya Ishiwata 1, Nobuaki Nakano 1, Masanori Tsuji 1, Yuki-Asano Mori 1, Naoyuki Uchida 1, Koji Izutsu 1, Kazuhiro Masuoka 1, Akiko Yoneyama 3, Shigeyoshi Makino 4, Shuichi Taniguchi 1.

1 Department of Hematology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; 2 Department of Pathology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; 3 Department of Infectious Diseases, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; 4 Department of Transfusion Medicine, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan [Background] Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS) and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) are non-infectious pulmonary complications of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with unclear pathogenesis and treatment. [Objective and method] To investigate the incidence and clinical features of IPS/DAH after unrelated cord blood transplantation (uCBT), we retrospectively analyzed 370 patients underwent uCBT from January 2005 to June 2010 at Toranomon Hospital. Diagnosis of IPS/DAH was made by multilobar infiltrates on CXR or CT, clinical signs of pneumonia: cough, dyspnea, or rales, abnormal physiology: increased arterial-alveolar oxygen gradient, or the needfor supplemental oxygen support, and no evidence of respiratory tract infection. [Result:] Twenty five cases of IPS/DAH were identified, with incidence of 6.8%. The median-age was 59 years (range; 26–72). Nineteen patients underwent transplantation for leukemia, 4 for malignant lymphoma, and 2 for aplastic anemia. IPS/DAH was diagnosed at a median of 34 days (range; 8–93) after uCBT. All patients were administered mPSL therapy. Nine of 25 patients were administered etanercept combined with mPSL pulse therapy. Five of 9 had not responded, while 4 responders had worse their respiratory condition after discontinuation of etanercept therapy. Twenty four of 25 died of respiratory failure. [Conclusion] IPS/DAH after uCBT are fetal pulmonary complications. It is suggested that the incidence of IPS/DAH after uCBT appears similar to that observed after transplantation using other sources. But our results suggested that the existing treatment such as etanercept combined mPSL pulse have only limited efficacy as a therapy for IPS/DAH after uCBT. Further research is needed to characterize the condition of this syndrome and to investigate the optimal therapy and prophylaxis.