A case of splenomegaly of unknown origin with autoimmune hemolytic anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia (clinically classified as "hypersplenism") has been observed for 18 years. The blood showed a high sedimentation rate, hyperglobulinemia, cold agglutinins, cryofibrinogen, a false positive Wassermann reaction, a positive Coombs test and contained leukoagglutinins in high titer. The patient died of acute leukemia for which it is suggested that the preceding hematologic condition may have prepared the soil, possibly by a process of autoimmunization.

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