Background:

The clinical outcome for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has changed dramatically in the past two decades, especially after the rise of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Conversely, the outcome has been worse for countries with lower socioeconomic statuses. Comprehensive epidemiological research is warranted to evaluate the global burden of CML based on SDI.

Method:

Our team used data from the Global Burden of disease (GBD) 2021 database. The analysis was done using the Institute of Health metrics and evaluation (IHME) GBDx data tool. GBD estimated the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations. Incidence, death, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and its corresponding age-standardized rate between 1990 to 2021 were used to describe the distribution of CML burden according to age, sex, social-demographic index (SDI).

Results:

The incidence of CML globally in 2021 was 35830 .87(95%, 27938.95-42,581.45) as compared to 39481.75(95%, 33292.61- 45117.18) in 1990. The Estimated total percentage change in incidence has decreased in High SDI and High Middle SDI countries; however, it has increased in Middle, Low Middle, and Low SDI countries.

There were 29220.42 (95%, 23525.47-34250.55) deaths in 1990, distributed as 4% in Low SDI, 14% in Low Middle SDI, 21% in Middle SDI, 23% in high middle SDI and 38% in High SDI countries. Similarly, there were 23159.13(95%, 17502.80-28477.39) deaths due to CML in 2021. Deaths were distributed as 7% in Low SDI, 23% in Low Middle SDI, 28% in Middle SBI, 18% in High Middle SDI and 24% in High SDI Countries. The absolute change in the percentage of deaths decreased globally by -0.21 (-0.01 to -0.34). The absolute change in the percentage of death decreased in High SDI and high middle SDI countries and increased in Middle SDI, Low middle SDI, and Low SDI countries.

The Absolute Percentage Change in DALY in 2020 compared to 1990 decreased -0.36(95%, -0.14 to -0.50) globally. All categories of countries based on SDI had decreased DALY except Low SDI countries, which had an increased absolute change in DALY of 0.17.

Similar results were obtained when data was stratified by age and sex.

Conclusion

The disease burden of CML has decreased globally, especially in countries with higher SBI, in the past three decades. The increase in incidence and death rates was mainly observed in lower SDI countries. Increasing resources and aid to lower SDI countries can help to decrease the global burden of CML.

Disclosures

Lutfi:ADC Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

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2024
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