The Role of JAK2 Allele Burden on Muscle Strength and Physical Functioning in Patients with Myeloproliferative Neoplasm: A Systematic Review and Prospective Cohort Analysis

Introduction

Fatigue is an important symptom for patients with a myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). JAK2 mutations, the most common clonal abnormality in MPNs, have been implicated in inflammation, constitutional symptoms and thrombotic risk in this population. In this project, we sought to describe the relationship between the JAK2 variant allele burden and markers of muscle strength, to evaluate its role as a potential determinant of the MPN phenotype.

Methods

This study is composed of two parts: a systematic review and a cohort analysis. We undertook a systematic review of seven English language full text human studies describing the relationship between the JAK2 mutation and physical functioning in patients/models with an MPN. We also performed a prospective cross-sectional study of consecutive patients with an MPN. In these patients, we evaluated fatigue on a scale of 0-10, muscle strength using a handgrip dynamometer, and the JAK2 mutant allele fraction.

Results

Our search identified seven studies of potential relevance. Three studies investigated the impact of ruxolitinib, a JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor, on MPN patients. Through utilizing the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire, patients on ruxolitinib had greater improvements in fatigue compared to placebo (-10.2; 95% CI, 15.8 to 4.5). Likewise, Mesa et al. demonstrated that a greater proportion of patients on ruxolitinib achieved an improvement of ≥50% in the individual MPN-SAF symptom scale from baseline. Despite the data these studies provide, they fail to establish a relationship between muscle weakness and the JAK2 mutation. None of the other studies identified addressed the research question regarding JAK2 allele burden, variant allele fraction, and their effects on muscle strength and physical functioning.

We prospectively enrolled 109 participants (57 polycythemia vera, 38 essential thrombocythemia, 14 primary myelofibrosis). We found an inverse relationship mutant JAK2 allele fraction and fatigue. Respective allele fractions below versus above the median fatigue score of 3 were 0.37±0.31 and 0.20±0.25 (p=0.003). This pattern was consistent when the analysis was limited to those with polycythemia vera, with respective allele fractions of 0.49±0.31 and 0.29±0.26 (p=0.01) and when limited to those not taking a JAK2 inhibitor, with respective allele fractions of 0.37±0.30 and 0.22±0.25 (p=0.02). There was a trend towards an inverse relationship between handgrip strength and fatigue score, with Pearson correlation coefficient 0.19 (p=0.06). However, there was no relationship between handgrip strength and allele fraction, with Pearson correlation coefficient 0.02 (p=0.86).

Discussion

Our counterintuitive findings of less fatigue among MPN patients with higher JAK2 variant allele fractions and no association between allele fraction and muscle strength highlights the need to better understand the mechanisms underlying symptoms in this population.

Hillis:Novartis: Honoraria; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria. Leong:Novartis: Research Funding.