Background: Cardiotoxicity afflicts 10-20% of cancer survivors thus compromising long term survival. Based on ASCO guidelines cancer patients (pts) are considered at increased risk of developing cardiotoxicity (CT) if they receive high dose (HD) anthracyclines (A) or HD radiation therapy (RT) or low dose (LD) A + LD RT, or LD A with ≥ 2 cardiovascular (CV) risk factors (RF) or age ≥ 60 years (y) at diagnosis, or compromised cardiac function before or during treatment. Objectives: The aim of the study is to find the incidence and RF of cardiotoxicity in lymphoma patients post chemotherapy. Methodology: Retrospective study of lymphoma pateins seen in oncology clinic from 2015-2022 within 5years of lymphoma therapy. Chart review included demographics, dose of antheracycline and RT dosing, imaging, Cardiovascualr risk and treatment details. Results: A total of 410 lymphoma patients were included in the study. The age range of the patients was from 4 to 93 years, with a mean age of 46.9 ± 22.1 years. Among the patients, 239 (58.3%) were male, 349 (85.1%) were Saudi, 205 (50%) were married, and 141 (34.4%) were single. Following chemotherapy, 22 patients (5.37%) met the criteria for cardiotoxicity, while the majority, 388 patients (94.63%), did not exhibit cardiotoxicity. The incidence of cardiotoxicity was higher among older patients, with 11.3% of those aged 60 years or older affected, compared to 1.7% of patients under 30 years of age, a statistically significant difference (P=0.040). Other demographic factors did not show a significant association with cardiotoxicity. Additionally, 11.8% of patients who required ICU admission developed cardiotoxicity, compared to 4.5% of those who did not require ICU admission (P=0.043). Smoking status was also associated with cardiotoxicity, with 10.3% of smokers affected compared to 5% of non-smokers (P=0.049). Diabetic patients had a higher incidence of cardiotoxicity at 11.5%, in contrast to 3.7% of non-diabetic patients (P=0.012). Other risk factors did not show a significant association with cardiotoxicity in the study population. Conclusion: This study highlights the significant risk of cardiotoxicity in lymphoma patients undergoing chemotherapy, with an overall incidence of 5.37%. Older age, ICU admission, smoking, and diabetes were identified as significant risk factors for developing cardiotoxicity. These findings underscore the importance of vigilant cardiac monitoring and management, particularly for high-risk groups, to mitigate the long-term adverse effects of chemotherapy in lymphoma patients. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm these associations and to explore potential preventive strategies.
Sewaralthahab:Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria; Astra Zenca: Honoraria.
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