Background: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is an uncommon B cell lymphoma.This article aimed to assess the global, regional, and national burden of HL from 1990 to 2021, by gender, age, and social-demographic index (SDI) and to to estimate the trends of HL globally from 1990 to 2021.

Methods: Data on HL, including incidence, mortality, and disability adjusted life-years (DALY), from 1990 to 2021 were obtained from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease study. The trends of HL burden were estimated using age-standardized rate (ASR) and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC).

Results: HL incidences increased by 19.23%, from 54671 in 1990 to 65182 in 2021 while the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) declined from 1.12 to 0.79 (EAPC= -1.1; 95% CI, from -1.16 to -1.05 ). Regarding SDI level analysis, the ASIR in all SDI regions demontrated a slight decrease. Incidence showed a bimodal distribution with peak values in patients aged 20-29 years and patients aged 75 years or higher. The number of death cases and DALYs remained stable. The age-standardized death rate (ASDR) decreased by 2.07% (95% CI, from − 2.01% to − 2.14%) per year. And the annual age-standardized DALY rate decreased by 1.88% (95% CI, from − 1.83% to − 1.94%). ASDR and age-standardized DALY rate showed a clear gradient across different SDI levels, with higher SDI regions showing lower age-standardized DALY rate and ASDR compared to lower SDI regions.The incidence, death and DALYs, whether in numbers or ASR, in male subjects was higher than that in female subjects. But the disparity in these indicators between the genders is gradually narrowing over time.

Conclusion: Globally, incidence of HL was stable, while mortality and DALY rate of HL had been decreasing from 1990 to 2021. Despite the reduction in mortality and DALYs across all SDI regions, an observed phenomenon existed, which was high SDI region exhibited the highest incidence but the lowest mortality and DALYs, whereas Low SDI region showed the lowest incidence but the highest mortality and DALYs. This result indicated that advanced diagnostic and therapeutic approaches can effectively improve HL prognosis, reducing both mortality and disability. And more attention should be paid to establish specific strategies in low SDI region to reduce death and DALYs.

Disclosures

No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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2024
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