Distribution of ABO Blood Groups and Rhesus Factor in Critical Care Patients and Its Association with Mortality and Morbidity

Background: ABO blood group and RhD factor have been associated with various health conditions, but their impact on critically ill patients remains unclear. This study aims to explore the distribution of these blood groups among critical care patients and their association with morbidity and mortality outcomes. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of ICU patients at King Saud University Medical City. Patient data, including blood group, RhD status, and clinical outcomes, were collected from medical records. Statistical analyses were performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, chi-square test, and multivariable regression models to assess associations, controlling for age and gender. Results: The study included patients from various ABO blood groups and RhD statuses. Our findings indicate no statistically significant differences in 28-day and 90-day mortality rates among the different blood groups. Other clinical outcomes, including days alive and free of invasive breathing, days alive and free of circulatory assistance, length of ICU stay, and SOFA scores, also showed no significant variations across ABO and RhD groups. The multivariable regression analysis confirmed the lack of significant associations between these blood types and mortality or morbidity outcomes. Conclusion: The study suggests that ABO blood group and RhD factor are not significant predictors of mortality or morbidity in critically ill patients. These findings highlight that other factors, such as underlying health conditions and severity of illness, are more critical in determining patient outcomes in the ICU. Further research in larger, multicenter settings is recommended to confirm these results and explore potential underlying mechanisms.

No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.