The Comparative Analysis of Serum Proteomes for the Discovery of Biomarkers for Essential Thrombocythemia.

Background: Essential thrombocythemia(ET) is a clonal disorder involving a hematopoietic progenitor cell and is manifested by the overproduction of platelets. There is as yet no pathognomonic diagnostic test. In our study, to identify the biomarkers for an initial diagnosis by a lesser invasive method, serum proteins reflecting alteration their proteomes were analysed.

Methods: We compared two-dimensional electrophoresis patterns of human sera of twelve patients with ET with that of normal twelve subjects. The differentially expressed spots were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of flight(MALDI-TOF) and electrospray ionization quadupole time of flight(ESI-Q-TOF)mass spectrometry.

Results: Twenty two spots that expressed differentially in ET group were found. The expression levels of fibrinogen γ, fibrinogen γ-A chain precursor, ALB protein, α-2 macroglobulin, H factor-1, α-2-macroglobulin precursor, ceruloplasmin, α-1-B-glycoprotein, α-2-plasmin inhibitor, α-1-B-glycoprotein and an unknown protein were up-regulated in serum of ET patients, whereas the other proteins including complement fator B preproprotein, afamin precursor, inter-α inhibitor H4, immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region γ 1, immunoglobulin κ light chain and an unknown protein down-regulated.

Conclusion: These results suggest that these proteins can be used as less invasive diagnostic and follow-up biomarkers of ET if further studies were done.

The proteins significantly changed in sera of ET

Spot no. .	Name .	Accession no. .	% coverage .	Mw(KDa)/pI(Measured) .	Mw(KDa)/pI(database) .	ET(%) .
67	fibrinogen γ	223170	39	50.57/5.6	46.82/5.5	2.54±0.52
69	”	223170	33	50.57/5.6	46.83/5.5	3.93±1.19
73	fibrinogen γ-A chain precursor	71827	23	48.93/5.6	50.11/5.7	3.89±0.98
74	”	71827	22	48.93/5.8	50.11/5.7	3.10±0.91
77	ALB protein	27692693	21	50.57/5.9	48.65/6.0	3.77±0.58
89	α-2-macroglobulin	177872	14	263.89/6.1	71.35/5.5	1.95±0.32
100	H factor 1	4504875	20	248.95/5.7	143.79/6.3	5.8±1.78
112	α-2-macroglobulin precursor	4557225	9	151.38/5.7	164.69/6.0	2.18±0.38
125	complement factor B preproprotein	4502397	14	151.38/5.7	86.86/6.6	0.49±0.07
138	afamin precursor	4501987	12	65.01/5.1	85.53/6.3	0.31±0.07
139	”	4501987	12	65.01/5.1	85.53/6.3	0.36±0.09
140	inter- α inhibitor H4	31542984	12	93.33/5.3	103.57/6.5	0.36±0.08
154	ceruloplasmin	4557485	8	132.89/5.3	123.04/5.4	3.34±0.80
161	α-1-B-glycoprotein	69990	21	84.50/5.0	52.49/5.6	4.23±0.98
162	α-2-plasmin inhibitor	11386143	14	78.58/5.0	54.92/5.8	1.95±0.38
167	α-1-B-glycoprotein	69990	28	80.87/5.3	52.49/5.6	1.73±0.04
210	Not identified	-	-	38.47/4.6	-	2.77±0.20
249	immunoglobulin heavy chain constant regionγ 1	12054072	15	39.021/8.1	36.65/8.8	0.40±0.09
250	”	12054072	18	38.79/8.2	36.65/8.8	0.34±0.14
252	”	12054072	19	38.50/8.3	36.65/8.8	0.37±0.09
262	unknown	15679996	36	24.73/8.2	23.32/8.6	0.30±0.13
265	immunoglobulinκ light chain	2765423	22	25.75/8.8	25.93/9.2	0.28±0.12

Spot no. .	Name .	Accession no. .	% coverage .	Mw(KDa)/pI(Measured) .	Mw(KDa)/pI(database) .	ET(%) .
67	fibrinogen γ	223170	39	50.57/5.6	46.82/5.5	2.54±0.52
69	”	223170	33	50.57/5.6	46.83/5.5	3.93±1.19
73	fibrinogen γ-A chain precursor	71827	23	48.93/5.6	50.11/5.7	3.89±0.98
74	”	71827	22	48.93/5.8	50.11/5.7	3.10±0.91
77	ALB protein	27692693	21	50.57/5.9	48.65/6.0	3.77±0.58
89	α-2-macroglobulin	177872	14	263.89/6.1	71.35/5.5	1.95±0.32
100	H factor 1	4504875	20	248.95/5.7	143.79/6.3	5.8±1.78
112	α-2-macroglobulin precursor	4557225	9	151.38/5.7	164.69/6.0	2.18±0.38
125	complement factor B preproprotein	4502397	14	151.38/5.7	86.86/6.6	0.49±0.07
138	afamin precursor	4501987	12	65.01/5.1	85.53/6.3	0.31±0.07
139	”	4501987	12	65.01/5.1	85.53/6.3	0.36±0.09
140	inter- α inhibitor H4	31542984	12	93.33/5.3	103.57/6.5	0.36±0.08
154	ceruloplasmin	4557485	8	132.89/5.3	123.04/5.4	3.34±0.80
161	α-1-B-glycoprotein	69990	21	84.50/5.0	52.49/5.6	4.23±0.98
162	α-2-plasmin inhibitor	11386143	14	78.58/5.0	54.92/5.8	1.95±0.38
167	α-1-B-glycoprotein	69990	28	80.87/5.3	52.49/5.6	1.73±0.04
210	Not identified	-	-	38.47/4.6	-	2.77±0.20
249	immunoglobulin heavy chain constant regionγ 1	12054072	15	39.021/8.1	36.65/8.8	0.40±0.09
250	”	12054072	18	38.79/8.2	36.65/8.8	0.34±0.14
252	”	12054072	19	38.50/8.3	36.65/8.8	0.37±0.09
262	unknown	15679996	36	24.73/8.2	23.32/8.6	0.30±0.13
265	immunoglobulinκ light chain	2765423	22	25.75/8.8	25.93/9.2	0.28±0.12

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