In This Schema, we Outline the Potential Clinical Applications of microRNAs in Hematologic Malignancies. Translation of molecular and prognostic biomarker discoveries to the clinic will require extensive validation in independent cohorts of patients using validated and reliable platforms for miRNA detection. These results should then be tested prospectively in clinical trials. Targeting microRNA’s expression in hematologic malignancy requires identification of the candidate microRNAs, evaluation of the different strategies to achieve expression modulation (drugs, antisense, or oligonucleotide mimics), and validation in preclinical animal models. Successful candidates then can be moved forward to phase I clinical trials for toxicity evaluation and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics studies.