Messenger RNA (mRNA) Modifications, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) Modifiers, and Their Relevance to Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). A) Structure of m6A and other mRNA post-transcriptional modifications. B) The writer, reader, and erase proteins of m6A. C) Schema of results from Dr. Li and colleagues who have identified that the m6A eraser FTO is upregulated in MLL- and PML-RARA–rearranged AML and promotes leukemogenesis. FTO removes m6A marks from the 3’ and/or 5’ untranslated regions (UTRs) of select transcripts such as RARA and ASB2, which are important mediators of PML-RARA- and MLL-rearranged leukemogenesis. Removal of these marks was associated with reduced half-life of these transcripts and consequent reduced protein expression and impaired hematopoietic differentiation.