NHP CD4CAR T cells expand and persist in vivo following Env boost. (A) Experimental design for n = 4 rhesus macaques, including SHIV infection, ART suppression, CD4CAR T-cell administration (white circle), Env boost (gray circle), and ART withdrawal (black circle). (B) SIV lentiviral construct design used to deliver CD4CAR, codon optimized for rhesus macaque. (C) CD4CAR T cell frequency in peripheral blood following administration, Env boost, and ART withdrawal. Shown are total CAR T frequency of total CD3⁺ T cells (blue), vs CD8⁺ (red) and CD8^– subsets (green). (D) Enlargement of total CAR T frequency of CD3⁺ T cell data from panel C, focused on Env boost (gray circle) and ART withdrawal (black circle). #Tissue collection, including lower and upper gastrointestinal and spleen biopsies, axillary lymph nodes, and bronchoalveolar lavage.