American Society of Hematology

Figure 2.

Vitamin C functions as a cofactor for TET family dioxygenases. (A) TET family dioxygenases use 2-oxoglutarate, reduced iron (Fe2+), and oxygen to oxidize 5mC into 5hmC, with CO2 and succinate as byproducts. Vitamin C functions as a cofactor for TET enzymes by facilitating the reduction of Fe3+ back to Fe2+. (B) Summary of the effects of TET deficiency in tumor-infiltrating immune cells, including tumor-associated macrophages, CD8+ T cells, and Treg cells. (C) iTregs differentiated in the presence of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), retinoic acid (RA), and vitamin C have enhanced TET activity, which results in DNA demethylation at Foxp3 CNS2 region and increased iTreg stability.

Vitamin C functions as a cofactor for TET family dioxygenases. (A) TET family dioxygenases use 2-oxoglutarate, reduced iron (Fe²⁺), and oxygen to oxidize 5mC into 5hmC, with CO₂ and succinate as byproducts. Vitamin C functions as a cofactor for TET enzymes by facilitating the reduction of Fe³⁺ back to Fe²⁺. (B) Summary of the effects of TET deficiency in tumor-infiltrating immune cells, including tumor-associated macrophages, CD8⁺ T cells, and Treg cells. (C) iTregs differentiated in the presence of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), retinoic acid (RA), and vitamin C have enhanced TET activity, which results in DNA demethylation at Foxp3 CNS2 region and increased iTreg stability.

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