Endothelial expression of integrin ligands is altered by RA⁺T exosomes. To support the hypothesis that exosomes mediate the alteration of the tissue expression of integrin ligands and chemokines, the effect of T exosomes on gene expression was tested with a bEnd.3 endothelial cell line. Expression of icam-1, vcam-1, madcam-1, nkx2.3, ccl25, and ccl28 was investigated on bEnd.3 cells (left) without or (right) with TNF. Data from qPCR analysis were normalized to those controls that represented samples from the mock-treated cells after being normalized to a reference β-actin gene (2^-ddCT). Bar graphs represent the mean ± SEM obtained from at least 4 separate experiments. *P = .01 to <.05; ***P < .001 (vs mock).