Robust CAR T-cell expansion in blood in the Con-ibr cohort. CD8⁺ (A) and CD4⁺ (B) CAR T-cell kinetics in blood between the day of CAR T-cell infusion and day 30. The bold curves are polynomial regression lines using the LOESS (locally estimated scatterplot smoothing) method, and the shaded areas show the 95% CIs of the estimates. CD8⁺ (C) and CD4⁺ (D) CAR T-cell peak counts in blood. CD8⁺ (E) and CD4⁺ (F) CAR T-cell peak counts in patients stratified by CRS grade, according to Lee et al consensus criteria. The P values were calculated using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test (2-sided). Bold horizontal lines represent the median, the box represents the IQR, and the vertical lines represent quartiles ± 1.5 × IQR. The figure shows data from patients treated with 2 × 10⁶ CAR T cells per kilogram and Cy/Flu lymphodepletion (Con-ibr, n = 18; No-ibr, n = 18). Two patients who died before the peak of CAR T-cell expansion were excluded.