Economic impact of blood product recall events. (A) Estimated monetary loss resulting from defective blood products in each recall event for different blood product types. Significance was estimated using the Kruskal-Wallis test, P < 2.2 × 10−16. (B) Estimated monetary loss resulting from defective blood products in recall events attributed to various reasons for recall. Significance was estimated using the Kruskal-Wallis test, P < 2.2 × 10−16. (C) Heat map of monetary loss for all reason for recall-product type combinations. Heat map was constructed in R, using the heatmap.2() function in gplots package. (D) Overall economic sensitivity of monetary loss attributed to different reasons for recall. Sensitivity tests were performed using a univariate analysis in which the number of recall events for each recall reason was varied by ±20% while keeping the number events for other reasons constant. The percentage predicted change in total monetary loss resulting from a ±20% change in number of recall events was plotted as a tornado diagram. The base value for monetary loss was set at $17.9 million, which is the total estimated monetary loss resulting from all eligible recall events reported in enforcement reports between 2013 and 2017.