Changes in interferon gene expression between clinical time points in 4 cases with TA-TMA and 3 controls without TA-TMA after autologous HSCT. The figure illustrates changes in interferon gene expression profiles in autologous HSCT recipients with TA-TMA and without TA-TMA. In cases with TA-TMA, “TMA diagnosis” indicates gene expression changes at time of clinical diagnosis of TA-TMA compared with pretransplant baseline, but before the start of complement-blocking therapy with eculizumab. “TMA resolution” illustrates gene expression change at the time of TA-TMA clinical diagnosis compared with TA-TMA resolution, after completing eculizumab therapy. In controls without TA-TMA, this evaluation was performed at matched timepoints after transplant. Genes shown were upregulated in the “TMA diagnosis” comparison for patients with or without TA-TMA and are members of interferon-related gene sets (Hallmark interferon-γ response and hallmark interferon-α response) and transcription factor target gene lists (STAT1 and STAT2 targets K562 IFN-α 30 minutes, STAT1 and STAT2 targets K562 IFN-α 6 hours). Green bars indicate statistically significant differences between time points. Data indicate that interferon pathways are highly upregulated at clinical diagnosis of TA-TMA in cases with TA-TMA and normalize after therapy with eculizumab. Interferon pathways are not upregulated in controls without TA-TMA at matched time points after transplant.