Release of NETs from a neutrophil (left). NETs are decorated with PF4 tetramers (red circles), as well as neutrophil elastase, histones, and myeloperoxidase (colored circles). Degradation of NETs by DNase leads to release of NDPs, which initiate activation of and mediate toxicity toward several cell types. DAMPs, damage-associated molecular patterns; NDPs, NET degradation products.