Fewer Tregsand PD-1+CD8+T cells after treatment with venetoclax-ibrutinib. Lymphocyte analysis in PB of patients at baseline, after preinduction with ibrutinib, and after 1 year of treatment with venetoclax-ibrutinib (n = 10) by flow cytometry. Percentage of Tfh (CXCR5+PD-1+) cells (A) and Tregs (CD25+FoxP3+) (B) within CD4+ T cells. (C) Percentage of PD-1+ cells within CD8+ T cells. (D) IgG levels in plasma at baseline and after 1 year of venetoclax-ibrutinib. (E) Cytokine production by CD4+ T cells after stimulation of PBMCs with PMA/ionomycin for 4 hours. Cytokine production and CD107a expression by CD8+ T cells (F) and NK cells (G) after stimulation of PBMCs with PMA/ionomycin for 4 hours. *P < .05, **P < .01, 1-way ANOVA followed by Sidak’s multiple-comparisons test.