R-etodolac induces apoptosis in cells of patients with MM. CD138⁺ cells were isolated from BM of patients with MM (MM no. 1 and MM no. 2) who had relapsed and were refractory to conventional therapies. (A) MM no. 1 (♦), MM no. 2 (▪), and MM.1S cell line (▴) were cultured for 48 hours in the presence of R-etodolac (0-2.5 mM). Cell growth was assessed by MTT assays, and data represent mean (± SD) of triplicate cultures. (B) MM no. 1 and MM no. 2 cells were cultured with R-etodolac (0.6 mM) for 24 hours. Total cell lysates were subjected to immunoblotting using anti-caspase-8 and anti-PARP Abs.