R-etodolac overcomes the growth stimulatory effects of IL-6, IGF-1, and BMSCs. MM.1S (A) and RPMI8226 (B) MM cells were cultured for 24 hours with control media (□) and with 0.3 mM (▦), 0.6 mM (▨), or 1.25 mM (▪) R-etodolac, in the presence or absence of IL-6 (25 ng/mL) and IGF-1 (50 ng/mL). MM.1S cells, 2 different patient BMSCs (BMSC no. 1 [C] and BMSC no. 2 [D]), or both MM.1S cells and BMSCs were cultured for 24 hours with control media (□), and with 0.3 mM (▦), 0.6 mM (▨), or 1.25 mM (▪) R-etodolac. Cell growth was assessed by [³H]-thymidine uptake, and data represent mean (± SD) of quadruplicate cultures. ^*P < .01.