Adenoviral Ang1 up-regulates the expression of VEGFR-3 in vivo and in vitro. (A) Quantification of VEGFR-3-stained immunofluorescent area intensities, normalized to LYVE-1 staining intensities, in ears transduced with either AdAng1 or AdLacZ. The 2.5-fold increase in VEGFR-3 levels on the lymphatic endothelium 4 days after gene transduction was statistically significant (^*P < .001). The horizontal broken line indicates the baseline of VEGFR-3 expression in the control samples. Images and surface plots above panel B show changes in VEGFR-3 staining intensity after AdAng1 transduction compared with control. Bars represent mean values ± SEM (n ≤ 5). (B) Northern blot of total RNA extracted from LECs and BECs transduced with either AdAng1 or AdLacZ. (C-E) Double immunofluorescent staining of VEGFR-3 (red) and VEGF-C (green) in the ears 2 weeks after transduction with AdAng1 (C), AdVEGF-C (D), or AdLacZ (E). VEGF-C-positive cells are indicated with arrowheads. Scale bars: 100 μm.