Effects of AT-2 HIV-1 particles on TRAIL secretion. (A) PBMCs from HIV-1–uninfected or HIV-1–infected individuals were cultured for 3 days in presence or not of AT-2 HIV-1_MN or HIV-1_Ada. Levels of TRAIL were detected using ELISA. (B) CD4⁺, CD8⁺ T cells, DCs, macrophages, and monocytes from infected (□) or noninfected individuals (•) were cultured 3 days in presence of AT-2 HIV-1_MN. Mean values (± standard errors) are shown for 6 independent experiments for each condition tested. (C) Monocytes from HIV-1–uninfected donors were cultured for 1 day in presence of microvesicles (controls) or AT-2 HIV-1_MN. Cells were analyzed for mTRAIL by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Iso indicates isotype control. Data are representative of 6 independent experiments. (D) Monocytes from HIV-1–uninfected individuals were cultured for 1 day in presence of microvesicles or AT-2 HIV-1_MN. TRAIL mRNA level was quantified by real-time PCR. Mean values with standard errors are shown for 4 independent experiments. (E) Monocytes from HIV-1–uninfected donors were cultured in presence of a different concentration of AT-2 HIV-1_MN, and sTRAIL was quantified by ELISA. Mean values with standard errors are shown for 6 independent experiments.