Effect of Dp44mT on M109 cellular apoptosis or necrosis/late-stage apoptosis. (A) Chelator concentration. M109 cells were incubated with Dp44mT at 0 to 250 μM for 24 hours at 37° C. Cellular apoptosis and necrosis/late-stage apoptosis were measured using Annexin V–FITC and PI staining, respectively (see “Materials and methods”). (B) Incubation time. M109 cells were treated with Dp44mT (1 μM) for various incubation times (0-48 hours). Cellular apoptosis and necrosis/late-stage apoptosis were measured as described for panel A. Data plotted are mean ± SEM of 3 separate experiments.