OPG secretion by DCs is enhanced by E₂, LPS, and CD40 ligation. iDCs were stimulated with or without LPS (1 μg/mL; A) or with CD32- or CD40L-transfected L cells (B) for 48 hours (n = 4), or recultured with medium only, BC, or E₂ (20 μg/mL) for 24 hours (n = 7; C). OPG was detected in culture supernatants by ELISA. The boxes show the 10th, 25th, 50th (median, central line), 75th, and 90th percentiles of the variable (pg/mL OPG). When iDCs were treated with graded doses of E₂ (▴) or BC (□) for 48 hours, OPG was enhanced in a dose-dependent manner (D). Data shown in panel D are the mean ± SD of triplicate wells.