E₂ modulates the secretion of DC-derived chemokines. CD1a⁺ CD14^– iDCs from at least 5 different donors were cultured with medium only, BC (20 μg/mL), or E₂ (20 μg/mL). After 24 hours the supernatants were collected and analyzed by ELISA for the presence of MCP-1 (A-B), IL-8 (C-D), TARC (E), and MDC (F). The boxes show the 10th, 25th, 50th (median, central line), 75th, and 90th percentiles of the variable (pg/mL MCP-1, IL-8, or ng/mL TARC and MDC). Statistics were calculated using the Wilcoxon matched pairs test. When DCs were treated with graded doses of E₂ (▴) or BC (□), MCP-1 and IL-8 was enhanced in a dose-dependent manner (B-D). Data shown in panels B and D are the mean ± SD of triplicate wells.