Morphology and in vitro growth of adherent AMs from a patient with iPAP. (A) Adherent AMs from a patient with iPAP and a healthy subject. iPAP AMs showed a small, monocyte-like appearance with basophilic cytoplasm (phase-contrast micrograph [i], original magnification × 200; and Wright-Giemsa staining [ii], original magnification × 1000), whereas those from control-BALF had large eosinophilic cytoplasm (phase-contrast micrograph [iii], original magnification × 200; and Wright-Giemsa staining [iv], original magnification × 1000). (B) After incubation with control-BALF for 14 days, iPAP-AM size increased markedly (ii) (original magnification × 200) compared with before incubation (Ai) or incubation with medium alone (i), and adding 20 ng/mL GM-CSF further promoted growth (iii). After incubation with iPAP-BALF, AMs remained small (iv), but adding 20 ng/mL GM-CSF restored their growth (v).