Effects of CCL16 on HUVEC proliferation. HUVECs (2.5 × 10³) were plated on fibronectin and grown for 12 hours in Medium 199 containing 5% FCS. Then, cells were starved for 12 hours in Medium 199 containing 5% BSA and then stimulated with CCL16-Cos or VEGF-A₁₆₅ for 24 hours and during the last 3 hours in the presence of BrdU that was detected by an ELISA assay. Where indicated, HUVECs were preincubated for 1 hour with CCL16-Cos (30 ng/mL) or VEGF-A₁₆₅ (0.01 ng/mL), washed, and then respectively stimulated with VEGF-A₁₆₅ or CCL-16. Mean ± SD of 3 experiments. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (F = 106.1) and Student-Newman-Keuls test. * indicates P < .05 versus VEGF-A₁₆₅ (0.001 ng/mL); §, P < .05 versus VEGF-A₁₆₅ (0.01 ng/mL).