Inhibiting VSMC proliferation in coculture. VSMCs were cocultured with LPS-treated monocytes and were treated with BrdU to analyze DNA synthesis. Incorporation of BrdU was detected by immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibody against BrdU (bottom panels). DNA was counterstained with Hoechst 33258 (top panels). The above stainings were performed in serum-treated and nontreated samples, and VSMCs in monoculture was the control. Original magnification × 200.