Schematic hypothetical representation of aPL memory B-cell generation before acute EBV infection and of aPL memory B-cell expansion during acute EBV infection. APL memory B cells may appear in healthy individuals by means of physiologic stimuli or infectious diseases. These memory B cells are directly infected by EBV during IMN, leading to transient production of nonpathogenic aPL antibodies and clonal expansion. Genetic predisposition, environmental factors, or acquired additional somatic mutations may lead to the production of pathogenic aPL antibodies (“Discussion,” third paragraph).