Secretion and mRNA expression of soluble factors by immature and mature MoDCs and CD1c⁺ PBDCs. Immature MoDCs (GM-CSF plus IL-4) or freshly sorted CD1c⁺ PBDCs were stimulated for 2 days with TNF-α plus IFN-α plus PGE₂; with CD40L; or with intact E coli. Then, DCs were examined for mRNA expression by quantitative qRT-PCR as described in “Materials and methods.” (A) IL-12p35 expression. (B) IL-12p40 expression. (C) IL-23p19 expression. (D) Secretion of IL-18 by unstimulated or stimulated MoDCs or CD1c⁺ PBDCs. Data are representative of at least 3 separate experiments.