Separation of pediatric AML patients based on the expression data of the 133 prognosis-associated genes. (A) Hierarchical clustering of 9 GP and 9 PP patients based on the expression of the 133 prognosis-associated genes. Each row represents a separate gene, and genes were also hierarchically clustered. Expression levels are normalized for each gene and are indicated by color, with red representing high expression and green representing low expression. The dendrogram at the top shows the degree to which each patient is related to the others with respect to gene expression. (B) Hierarchical clustering of 54 patients and 4 NBM controls based on the expression of the 133 prognosis-associated genes. Patients were divided into 2 major clusters indicated by red and blue bars (high-risk and low-risk groups, respectively). All 4 NBM controls were included in the low-risk group. The patients with red and blue letters represent those who experienced relapse or who had induction failure and those who did not experience relapse, respectively. (C-D) Kaplan-Meier plots of EFS of patients divided into high-risk and low-risk groups based on the expression data of the 133 prognosis-associated genes. EFS was significantly different between the 2 groups when compared in the 54 patients including GP and PP patients (panel C, P < .001 in log-rank test) and in the 36 patients excluding the GP and PP patients (panel D, P = .02 in log-rank test).