Effect of B2M levels on survival. (A) Martingale residual plot analysis of B2M. The line Y = 0 corresponds to the underlying hazard of death before accounting for the effect of B2M. Deviations from this line indicate the effect of B2M on this hazard. In particular, residuals of less than 0 correspond to better expected survival and residuals of more than 0 to worse expected survival. These residuals are analogous to residuals estimated in linear regression. (B) Survival of 553 MDS patients by B2M. (C) Survival of patients according to their risk assignment by IPSS. (D) Survival by modified IPSS. (E) Survival by combination of B2M and karyotype (Kaplan-Meier curves).