Mapping binding sites for the interactions of FANCE with FANCC and FANCD2. (A) Mapping the FANCC binding region on FANCE. (B) Mapping the FANCE binding region on FANCC. (C) Mapping the FANCE binding region on FANCD2. Yeast strain PJ69-4A was cotransformed with the expression constructs indicated. Constructs activating the reporter genes above background levels are shaded. (++), (+), and (-) indicate good, weak, and absent growth, respectively. β-Galactosidase activity units were calculated as in Figure 1. The values shown indicate the mean and SE for 4 assays, each done in triplicate. Nd indicates that no β-galactosidase assay was performed because of nonactivation of the ADE2 and HIS3 reporters. NLS indicates nuclear localization signal; Leu554Pro, missense mutation in FANCC polypeptide.