Patients in complete remission but with residual disease detectable by MRD Flow have significantly poorer event-free and overall survival than those with no detectable CLL cells.

(A) Event-free survival for MRD⁻ patients (n = 19, dotted line with open circles) compared with MRD⁺ patients (n = 6, solid lines with solid triangles). (B) Overall survival for the same patient group. Survival was compared using log-rank analysis.