TNF is essential for VEGF-induced vascular permeability in vivo.

VEGF-induced vascular permeability in BALB/c mice with or without pretreatment with anti-TNF antibodies (A) in TNF gene–deficient (tnf^−/−) and the corresponding wild-type mice (SV129) (B). Shown are scatter diagrams with each symbol representing the ratio between the VEGF- and PBS-treated ear of one tested animal. Depicted are the mean (line) and the significance (P values) as calculated from an unpaired t test using a commercial program (InStat 2.01, GraphPad, San Diego, CA).