Changes in renal tissue levels of cytokines and MPO after renal I/R in rats and effects of APC, DEGR-FXa, heparin, DIP-APC, and leukocytopenia.

Shown are the renal tissue levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (A), rat interleukin 8 (IL-8) (B), and MPO (C) after renal I/R and the effects of APC, DEGR-FXa, heparin, DIP-APC, and leukocytopenia on the I/R-induced increases in renal tissue levels of TNF-α (D), rat IL-8 (E), and MPO (F) after reperfusion. Renal tissue levels of TNF-α, rat IL-8, and MPO were measured before ischemia (Pre) and 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours after reperfusion or sham operation. Renal tissue levels of TNF-α and rat IL-8 were measured 3 hours after reperfusion; renal tissue levels of MPO were determined 6 hours after reperfusion. Data are expressed as mean ± SD values. Values in parentheses indicate the number of rats in each experiment. *P < .01 compared with the sham-operation group; †P < .01 compared with the I/R plus saline group.