Cytokine alterations during HAART are correlated to LD-associated dyslipidemia.

(A) Absolute numbers of CD4⁺IL-2⁺ T cells, CD8⁺TNF-α⁺ T cells (upper panel), and CD3⁺IL-2⁺/CD3⁺TNF-α⁺ratio (lower panel) in HIV⁺ PI⁺ patients treated for at least 9 months. Shaded box indicates LD⁻ patients (n = 24), and darkened box, LD⁺ patients (n = 17). Histograms show mean values and SEM. (B) Correlations between cytokine and lipid alterations are given for 30 HIV⁺ PI⁺ patients with at least 9 months of PI therapy. The patient population includes 13 LD⁻ patients, 17 LD⁺ 13 LD⁻, and 17 LD⁺ (Spearman rank correlation).