Effect of inhibitors SB203580, SB202190, and PD98059 on MCP-1 and ICAM-1 expression. Cells were left untreated or pretreated with 20 μmol/L SB203580 (A), 20 μmol/L SB202190 (B), or 20 μmol/L PD98059 (C) for 30 minutes. Cells were stimulated with 1 ng/mL TNF- for 12 hours in the presence or absence of inhibitors and subsequently processed for flow cytometry analysis as described in Materials and Methods. The mean ± SEM of relative fluorescence intensities of three to six independent experiments is shown. Asterisks denote statistically significant differences as compared with control (P < .05, Wilcoxon test).