Cumulative mortality in septic rats treated with G-CSF at the induction of sepsis or after 4 hours. *P < .05; logrank test, n = 24 in all groups. In rats, polymycrobial peritonitis was induced by a cecal perforation and 10 μg/kg recombinant human G-CSF was administered intravenously every 12 hours, with the first dose at sepsis induction or 4 hours postinduction. (Modified and reprinted with permission.169)