Fewer numbers of TNFα-treated DC can efficiently present soluble antigens to autologous CD4⁺ T cells. Purified CD4⁺ T cells were cultured with different numbers of DC generated in the presence or absence of TNFα. DC were pulsed with 12.2 μg/mL TT (upper) or 10 μg/mL CAD (lower), as described in the Materials and Methods. Proliferative responses were measured on day 6. Experiments were repeated five times with similar results.