TCR-transduced human T cells eliminate human leukemia cells in NOD/SCID mice. Immunodeficient NOD/SCID mice were inoculated intravenously with 5 × 106 BV173 leukemia cells, and the following day 20 × 106 TCR-transduced Vβ2⁺ T cells or control TCR-transduced T cells were injected intravenously. After 3 weeks (A,B) or after 5 weeks (C,D), mice were killed and the number of leukemia cells in the bone marrow and the spleen (not shown) was determined. Cells were stained with anti–human HLA class I–FITC, CD45-PE, and CD8-APC mAbs and analyzed using a FACSCalibur (Becton Dickinson) (A,B) or FACSCanto (Becton Dickinson) (C,D). (A) Shown is the HLA class I and CD45 staining of bone marrow cells of mice treated with control TCR-transduced T cells and panel B shows the analysis of mice treated with Vβ2⁺ TCR-transduced T cells (each panel represents one animal). Both control TCR- and WT1-TCR–transduced T cells were derived from the same donor. (C,D) Shown is the CD45-PE and CD8-APC staining of a repeat experiment. The 2 groups of BV173-challenged mice were treated with T cells transduced with a control TCR (C) or T cells transduced with the WT1-TCR (D). Both control TCR- and WT1-TCR–transduced T cells were derived from the same donor but different donor from panels A and B. A representative 3-color analysis is shown in panels E and F, demonstrating that the engrafted cells were CD45⁺/HLA class I⁺/CD8^–.