CD4⁺ T-cell responses to EBNA1 and BZLF1. CD4⁺ T-cell responses to EBNA1 (E1; A-B,E) and BZLF1 (Z1; C-D,F) after 12 days of specific expansion and restimulation. Results are expressed as the number of IFNγ-producing cells after specific restimulation at day 12 that grew out of 10⁶ PBMCs put into culture at day 0. Panels A-D show the responses early (CD4⁺ T-cell numbers > 200/μL, or first half of the follow-up time) and late during HIV infection for progressors to NHL (A,C) and progressors to AIDS and slow progressors together (B,D). The P values of the Wilcoxon signed rank test are indicated above the graphs. Panels E-F show the comparison of progressors to NHL (NHL) with progressors and slow progressors (P+SP) at 6, 3, and 1 years before AIDS diagnosis. Values above the graphs indicate median of NHL versus P+SP and the P value of the Mann-Whitney test. In panels E-F, • indicates progressor to NHL or other AIDS; and , slow progressors. The horizontal dotted line indicates the detection limit.