Upregulation of oncogenic HOXA9 signature by NUP98-HBO1–mediated aberrant histone acetylation. (A-B) GSEA of MSigDB C6-oncogenic signatures. The top-ranked signatures (A) and representative plot of ranked HOXA9-induced gene signature (B) are shown. (C) Acetylation levels of H3K14, H4K8, and H4K12 of the HOXA9 gene promoter. ChIP-qPCR was performed using CB CD34⁺ cells. In the schematic of HOXA9 promoter region, arrowheads (a and b) indicate the location of the primers. (D) HOXA9 mRNA expression in CD34⁺ BM cells obtained from the indicated patients and HDs. MDS with single lineage dysplasia/multilineage dysplasia, n = 3; MDS with EB, n = 6; CMML1, n = 5; CMML2, n = 3; HD, n = 4. Data are presented as mean ± SD. **P < .01. TSS, transcription start site.