Examples of molecular MRD monitoring of NPM1 mutations before and after therapy. (A) Example of MRD-guided pretransplant management. See text for full case history. The pink line is peripheral blood and the blue line is bone marrow. The filled symbols indicate MRD positive at the level indicated. The empty symbols indicate MRD negative with the level of sensitivity indicated. (B) Example of MRD-guided therapy and peritransplant management. See text for full case history. The solid blue line is the bone marrow and the dotted blue line is the sensitivity. The filled blue symbols indicate MRD positive at the level indicated. The yellow symbols indicate MRD negative with the level of sensitivity indicated. DA, daunorubicin and cytarabine; DLI, donor lymphocyte infusion; DXT, radiotherapy; FBC Haplo, fludarabine and busulfan–conditioned haploidentical allograft and posttransplant cyclophosphamide; FB4 Sib Allo, fludarabine and busulfan–conditioned sibling allograft; FLAG-Ida, fludarabine, cytarabine, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and idarubicin; GO, gemtuzumab ozogamicin; HDAC, high-dose cytarabine.