CDX4 is expressed in patients with AML M6 and induces an expansion of erythroid cells in vitro. (A) Microarray analyses showing expression of CDX4 in samples from patients with FAB M6 compared with non-M6 AML.⁹  (B) Fold expression measured by qRT-PCR of CDX4 in embryonic stem cells as a positive control, CD34⁺ human bone marrow cells, CB-derived hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), common lymphoid progenitors (CLP), common myeloid progenitor (CMP), granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (GMP), myeloid-erythroid progenitors compared with and human AEL patient samples (n = 8). Fold values were obtained through normalization to expression of TATA binding protein/β-actin. (C) Total cell number in liquid culture expansion assay of HSPCs transduced with Cdx4 (n = 6) or vector control (n = 7). Fluorescence-activated cell sorter-purified cells were plated 72 hours after retroviral infection, and viable cells were counted every 7 days. After day 14, all cells in the control group showed mast cell characteristics and were counted as 0. Total cell number difference was significant on day 7 and day 14; *P < .05 (Wilcoxon test, P = .0313). (D) Total number of Ter119⁺ cells at day 7 and day 21 of proliferation assay (n = 3-7). (E) CFC assay for HSPCs transduced with vector control and Cdx4 plated 72 hours after retroviral infection. The primary CFCs were euthanized and replated 4 times every 7 to 9 days. Total number of colonies generated from 500 cells plated in primary CFCs (n = 7) derived from BM cells transduced with the vector control (ctrl) or Cdx4 (*P < .05; Wilcoxon test, P = .027). (F) Total number of GFP⁺ Ter119⁺ cells generated in primary and tertiary CFCs (n = 3). Total GFP⁺ Ter119⁺ cell number in Cdx4 primary CFC compared with vector ctrl, *P < .05 (Wilcoxon test, P = .0313). Total increase in GFP⁺ Ter119⁺ cell number in Cdx4 primary CFC compared with tertiary CFC is indicated. *P < .05 (Mann-Whitney U test, P = .017).