Therapeutic algorithm for IPSS intermediate-1- and lower-risk MDS patients. Shown is the strategy for treatment choices for patients with IPSS lower-risk MDS according to type of cytopenias and with sequential treatment in case of relapse/resistance after first-line therapy. EPO indicates erythropoietin; ICT, iron chelation therapy; HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplant; ESA, erythropoietic stimulating agents; and BSC, best supportive care.