LDH indicates lactate dehydrogenase.

*Aberrant flow patterns suggesting the presence of a MDS are described in the available literature.^26–28 

†An elevated LDH in low-risk MDS is rarely found. In these patients, LDH levels result from a comorbidity, a small PNH clone, G-CSF therapy, or clonal cell expansion with imminent progression to high-risk MDS.

‡In rare patients with MDS, no flow cytometric abnormalities are found.