Pie chart illustrating the molecular and genetic aberrations as well as their nonrandom associations in pediatric AML. (A) Total group: Integrative analysis of recurrent cytogenetic aberrations (MLL-rearrangements, t(8;21), inv(16), t(15;17), t(7;12), and t(6;9), CN and other nonspecific cytogenetic subgroups and type I molecular aberrations (in FLT3-ITD, WT1, N-RAS, K-RAS, PTPN11, and c-KIT) based on 237 unselected de novo pediatric AML patients. Each sector indicates the percentage of patients harboring 1 or more of the aforementioned mutations. (B) CN group: Pie chart based on 40 cytogenetically normal de novo pediatric AML patients analyzed for the presence of type II molecular aberrations (in NUP98-NSD1, CEBPA dm, NPM1, MLL-PTD, and other molecular aberrations) and type I molecular aberrations (in FLT3-ITD, WT1, N-RAS, K-RAS, PTPN11, and c-KIT). Each sector indicates the percentage of patients harboring 1 or more of the aforementioned mutations. None indicates patients with only wild-type alleles of genes tested. Adapted from Hollink et al²²  and Balgobind et al²⁷  with permission.