Mouse engraftment. CD34⁺CD38⁻ALDH^high or CD34⁺CD38⁻ALDH^int cells were isolated from the diagnostic sample of a patient (patient 4) with Inv16 AML and then transplanted into irradiated NSG mice. After 3 months, bone marrow was harvested from the transplanted mice, and engraftment was demonstrated by the presence of human CD45⁺ cells (circled), which were then isolated and analyzed by FISH for the Inv16 abnormality. Representative plots of CD45 versus forward scatter (FSC) are shown for mice transplanted with 1000 cells of: (A) CD34⁺CD38⁻ALDH^high cells that generated normal (by FISH) human hematopoietic engraftment of mice or (B) CD34⁺CD38⁻ALDH^int cells that produced leukemic (by FISH) engraftment of mice. Human chimerism data are shown in Table 3.